TD Ecologie/SNV/Tic2024/ASLOUM Abedlmadjid Yagoub
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Etymologically, ecology comes from the Greek oikos (house, habitat) and logos (science); It is literally the science of the home, of the habitat. The term was introduced in 1866 by the German biologist Ernest Haeckel. Several definitions are proposed, but we will retain the more recent definition proposed by Dajos (1983) for whom: "Ecology is the science that studies the conditions of existence of living beings and the interactions of all kinds that exist between these living beings on the one hand, and between these living beings and the environment on the other hand Ramade, F. (2009). Ramade, F. (2009).
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Literary information on the ecological-physiological characteristics of the leading northern climatic factors has been analyzed. The combination of fluctuations of temperature and atmospheric pressure, high relative and low absolute humidity, strict wind regime, significant changes of solar activity, diversity of magnetic field behavior, sharp photoperiodicity, and pronounced UV deficit cause a special structure of the northern regions’ climate. Per the totality of climatic characteristics and taking into account the general biological effect of these factors, their combinations, and the degree of manifestation, the territories of the North as a whole can be referred to the zone of uncomfortable natural-climatic living conditions with the elements of manifested extremeness of several parameters placing exclusive demands to human body functional systems.
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Transfert d’énergie et rendements Définitions Productivité brute (PB): Quantité de matière vivante produite pendant une unité de temps, par un niveau trophique donné. Productivité nette (PN): Productivité brute moins la quantité de matière vivante dégradée par la respiration. PN = PB – R. Productivité primaire : Productivité nette des autotrophes chlorophylliens.
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