الاجابة النمودجية - امتحان لغة اجنبية متخصصة -الانجليزية- القصل الاول 2023/2024

الاجابة النمودجية - امتحان لغة اجنبية متخصصة -الانجليزية- القصل الاول 2023/2024

بواسطة - NOUIBAT Abdelkader
عدد الردود: 0

جامعة محمد بوضياف المسيلة – كلية العلوم الاقتصادية و التجارية و علوم  التسيير- قسم العلوم التجارية – السنة الأولى ماستر مالية و تجارية- الامتحان الفصلي في الانجليزية- الفصل الأول- الفردي -  2023/2024- 21- 01- 2024

الفوج:

الاسم و اللقب:

When it comes to the modern international monetary system, you can’t always get what you want. You want exchange rate stability, capital mobility and monetary independence but can only ever achieve two of these at any given time. As we’ve seen, the Gold Standard and Euro combined capital mobility and currency stability but sacrificed monetary independence. Conversely, Bretton Woods married stable exchange rates with central bank autonomy but imposed capital controls so stringent that some travelers resorted to smuggling cash in hollowed loaves. The Washington Consensus, meanwhile, has been marked by free capital flows and monetary policy autonomy but exchange rate instability.

Even allowing for the abovementioned tri-lemma, the current state of the international monetary system leaves a lot to be desired. Chronic imbalances and the potential for long-term dollar devaluation cause considerable anguish to policymakers. Nevertheless, a grand redesign along the lines of Bretton Woods is not likely to be imminent. The world has a great deal invested in the current monetary status quo and there is no clear consensus on how the current system might be replaced. Historically, it has taken a major upheaval such as a world war or the prospect of an immediate national bankruptcy to effect a transition, and it is not clear that the late financial crisis constituted enough of a jolt. However, as witnessed during the twilight years of Bretton Woods, there comes a point where nations take matters into their own hands; where their vested interest in not rocking the boat is surpassed by their desire to escape a sinking boat. The nations of the Arabian Gulf have been mooting a return to a gold-based currency in recent years and it is perhaps significant that the central banks of Russia and China have been steadily accumulating gold. And where governments fear to tread, private citizens have been busily establishing their own monetary system courtesy of bitcoin.
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Question 1 (5 points): Fill the following table with the missing verbs and nouns.

Verb

Noun

To exchange

Exchange

To stabilize

Stability

To achieve

Achievement

To sacrifice

Sacrifice

To control

Control

To constitute

Constitution

To witness

 Witness

To accumulate

Accumulation

To execute

Execution

To bankrupt

Bankruptcy

Question 2:  Indicate whether the sentence is true or false by referring to the text. Put T for true and F for false at the end of each sentence. (10 points – 1 point for each correct answer)

1. An effective modern international monetary system encompasses exchange rate stability, capital mobility and monetary independence. ____T______. _________.
2. Bretton Woods married stable exchange rates with capital mobility and monetary independence __________. ____F______.
3. Gold Standard and Euro combined capital mobility and currency stability but sacrificed monetary independence. ____T______. __________.
4. The nations of the Arabian Gulf have been mooting a return to a gold-based currency in recent years. _____T_____. __________..
5.  The world has a great deal invested in the current monetary status quo which has crated  a clear consensus on how the current system might be replaced __________. _____F_____.
6. Private citizens have been busily establishing their own monetary system courtesy of bitcoin
. _____T_____. ___________.
7.
The Washington Consensus has been marked by free capital flows and monetary policy autonomy but exchange rate instability. _____T_____. __________.
8.
. Chronic imbalances and the potential for long-term dollar devaluation cause considerable anguish to policy makers. _____T_____. __________.
9. The central banks of Russia and China have been steadily selling gold.. _________. _____T_____.
10.
. Consensus has been marked by free capital flows and monetary policy autonomy but exchange rate instability _____T_____. __________.

Question 3 (5 points – 0.25 of a point for each correct word): Give the economic meaning of the following words in Arabic

Concept

Arabic meaning of the concept

The International Monetary System

النظام النقدي الدولي

Exchange rate stability

استقرار في أسعار الصرف

Capital mobility

تحرك رؤوس الاموال

Monetary independence

تحرر نقدي

Gold Standard

نظام الذهب

Euro

اليورو

The Bretton Woods System

نظام برتنن وودو

Monetary status quo

نظام نقدي ثابت

Central bank autonomy

استقلالية البنك المركوي

The Washington Consensus

تفاهم واشنطن

A major upheaval

كارثة عضمى

Transition

تحول

Gold-based currency

نظام نقدي قائم على نظام الذهب

Devaluation

تقهقر

Bitcoin

النقد الافتراضي

Long-term/Short term/

اجل طويل- اجل قصير