Professions in Science and Technology ( MST 1)

version : 1
2023/2024

DJOUKBALA Omar

Objectives

Course Objective :

In the first stage, the objective is to introduce the student to all the fields covered by the domain of Science and Technology, and in the second stage, to provide an overview of the careers that arise from these disciplines. In the same context, this course also acquaints the student with the new challenges of sustainable development and the emerging professions that may result from them.

Chapter 2 :Electronics, Electrical Engineering, Communication Systems and New Sensor Technologies

Electronics

Preamble

Electronics has penetrated widely in our daily lives:

• laptops,

• equipment of our cars,

• computers,

• media players,

• household appliances.

•.......

DefinitionWhat is electronics?

1. Electronics is the science of controlling the movement of electrons.

2. Electronics is a branch of applied physics, dealing, among other things, with the formatting and management of electrical signals, for example, for the transmission or reception of information. The adjective "electronic" also refers to what is related to the electron.

Materials and Current in Electronics

a. Conductors:

  • Conductors are materials that allow the easy flow of electrical current.

  • Examples of conductors (e.g., copper, aluminum, and silver)

  • Their properties are low resistance and good conductivity.

b. Insulators:

  • Insulators are materials that do not allow the flow of electrical current.

  • Examples of insulators (e.g., rubber, glass, plastic).

  • Their properties are high resistance and poor conductivity.

• The excellent conductivity of copper and its alloys explains its large-scale use in the electronics industry. Copper allows electronic installations to operate faster, reduce heat formation and last longer: in short, have ever higher performance.

Note

Electronics is the domain by excellence of “low currents” with a level of intensity of the order of the millisampere.

Electronics professions:

The professional fields that represent the electronics professions are in the following areas:

  • Audiovisual-multimedia equipment.

  • Computer equipment.

  • Professional audiovisual equipment.

  • Housing comfort equipment (Electrodomestique).

  • Household appliances.

  • Alarm and security equipment.

  • Telecommunications equipment and networks.

  • Electronic equipment on board.

  • Observation, analysis and measurement instrumentation equipment.

Electrical Engineering

What is Electrical Engineering

G.El

• Electrical engineering is the study of technical applications of electricity,

• the discipline that studies the production, transportation, processing, transformation and use of electric energy.

Note

Traditionally, electrical engineering is associated with "high currents" as opposed to "weak currencies" which would be the exclusive domain of electronics.

Application Fields

  1. It is extremely extensive and involves a very large number of industrial enterprises, in the areas of:

    • The production and transportation of electricity (thermal power plants, nuclear power, solar power, wind energy, electricity transmission networks, processing station,.....)

    • Manufacture of electrical equipment (electric engines, disconnectors, contactors, switches,...

  2. Electrical engineering is closely linked to the electronics and automation that it frequently uses, for the control of engines.

The production of electricity

Electrical engineering professions

The professional fields which represent the electrical engineering professions are the following fields:

  • Electrical machines (electric motors, generators, alternators, converters, etc.);

  • Electrical voltage transformers;

  • Electrical networks (Base Voltage, Medium Voltage, High Voltage);

  • Storage (battery, capacitors);

  • Electrical installations and safety equipment (meters, disconnectors, wire cutters, electrical cables, etc.).

Communication systems

Function

The function of a communication system is to ensure the transport of information between a transmitter and one (or more) receiver(s) connected by a communication channel or communication medium. This information is transported in the form of a signal.

Examples of communication systems taken outside the Information technology (IT) field are: the telephone, television, hi-fi devices.

What is a communication protocol ?

  • A protocol is a standard specification that allows communication between two devices. These are rules and procedures that define the type of encoding and speed used during communication, as well as how to establish and terminate the connection.

  • There are multitudes of communication protocols, such as VPN (Virtual Private Network) protocols which are designed to create a direct connection between remote computers.

Function of the communications system engineer

  • The communication systems engineer imagines, designs, develops, manages, and secures communication networks that facilitate the exchange of information in the form of signals, images, sounds, and films. Their field of activity is at the intersection of:

    • Computer science, mathematics, and telecommunications.

      Their scope ranges from smart card to remote surgery, through mobile phones, laptops, servers, the Internet, the web and corporate networks.

      The scope of application of communication systems engineers is wide and constantly evolving.

Career prospects

  • Companies or administrations that need to set up and manage a computer network (multinational companies, banks, hospitals),

  • Telecommunications companies,

  • service companies that grow around the Internet,

  • Research and Teaching,

  • Consulting Engineering Offices,

  • ......etc.

Contact

omar.djoukbala@gmail.com

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