Professions in Science and Technology ( MST 1)

a. Conductors:

• Conductors are materials that allow the easy flow of electrical current.

• Examples of conductors (e.g., copper, aluminum, and silver)

• Their properties are low resistance and good conductivity.

b. Insulators:

• Insulators are materials that do not allow the flow of electrical current.

• Examples of insulators (e.g., rubber, glass, plastic).

• Their properties are high resistance and poor conductivity.

• The excellent conductivity of copper and its alloys explains its large-scale use in the electronics industry. Copper allows electronic installations to operate faster, reduce heat formation and last longer: in short, have ever higher performance.

The professional fields that represent the electronics professions are in the following areas:

• Audiovisual-multimedia equipment.

• Computer equipment.

• Professional audiovisual equipment.

• Housing comfort equipment (Electrodomestique).

• Household appliances.

• Alarm and security equipment.

• Telecommunications equipment and networks.

• Electronic equipment on board.

• Observation, analysis and measurement instrumentation equipment.

1. It is extremely extensive and involves a very large number of industrial enterprises, in the areas of:

   • The production and transportation of electricity (thermal power plants, nuclear power, solar power, wind energy, electricity transmission networks, processing station,.....)

   • Manufacture of electrical equipment (electric engines, disconnectors, contactors, switches,...

2. Electrical engineering is closely linked to the electronics and automation that it frequently uses, for the control of engines.

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The professional fields which represent the electrical engineering professions are the following fields:

• Electrical machines (electric motors, generators, alternators, converters, etc.);

• Electrical voltage transformers;

• Electrical networks (Base Voltage, Medium Voltage, High Voltage);

• Storage (battery, capacitors);

• Electrical installations and safety equipment (meters, disconnectors, wire cutters, electrical cables, etc.).

• A protocol is a standard specification that allows communication between two devices. These are rules and procedures that define the type of encoding and speed used during communication, as well as how to establish and terminate the connection.

• There are multitudes of communication protocols, such as VPN (Virtual Private Network) protocols which are designed to create a direct connection between remote computers.

• The communication systems engineer imagines, designs, develops, manages, and secures communication networks that facilitate the exchange of information in the form of signals, images, sounds, and films. Their field of activity is at the intersection of:

  • Computer science, mathematics, and telecommunications.

    Their scope ranges from smart card to remote surgery, through mobile phones, laptops, servers, the Internet, the web and corporate networks.

    The scope of application of communication systems engineers is wide and constantly evolving.