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    subject title: thermodynamic

    Faculty: Technology

    ST Department

    CYCLE 1st year License

    Semester 3

    credits 3

    Coefficients  3

    VOLUME 3h

    TEACHER: SAMIR BOUACHA

     

    Email: samir.bouacha@univ-msila.dz


  • FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

    This chapter is a general introduction to classical thermodynamics. A series of basic notions and definitions are presented, with the aim of familiarizing the student with the terminology used in the field, so that he or she can describe thermodynamic systems and the various transformations that affect them.

  • THERMOMETRY

    The chapter is devoted to thermometry, a field that deals with the identification or measurement of temperature according to the thermometric scale used. This is where the so-called "zero principle" of thermodynamics is described. It is the main basis of temperature measurement technology. But its importance is not limited to thermometry. Its importance is more pronounced in the study of the internal thermal equilibria of thermodynamic systems, and possibly with the external medium with which they interact. This chapter reviews the different scales of temperature measurement. Particular emphasis is placed on linear scales, especially those known as centesimal scales. Finally, a few types of thermometer and their operating principles are described.

  • chapter 03..first principle of thermodynamique

    Chapter three deals with the first principle of thermodynamics, or the principle of energy conservation. It begins by highlighting two transfer quantities, work and heat, which are described separately as two forms of energy, whose difference lies in their impact on the system. Subsequently, the first principle is stated by admitting the existence of a certain state function called internal energy (U), whose variation is due to the exchange of work and heat. Some consequences are immediately drawn from this principle, such as that of an isolated system. In particular, a new state function called enthalpy (H) is introduced to study monobaric or isobaric transformations. Later in this chapter, the application of the first principle to the perfect gas model revealed two perfect gas laws: Joule's first and second laws. These two laws enabled easy calculation of the energy quantities of the perfect gas during simple transformations.

  • chapter 04.THERMOCHEMISTRY

    Chapter Four is devoted to the application of the First Principle to chemical reactions, commonly known as thermochemistry. This field is concerned with calculating the heat that accompanies chemical reactions, known as the heat of reaction. There are two main types of heat: heat at constant volume and heat at constant pressure, calculated by the variation in internal energy U and the variation in enthalpy H respectively. This is a very valuable tool, as it allows us to calculate the heat of reaction without actually carrying out the reaction in question, based on a set of tabulated values called enthalpies of formation and/or previously calculated or measured heats of reaction.

  • chapter 05. second principle of thermodynamicsynamique (2)

    We saw in previous chapters that the first principle simply expresses the energy balance of a thermodynamic system as it evolves. This balance is expressed as the sum of heat exchange and work. But in fact, the first principle does not distinguish between these two entities: work and heat. In the context of this principle, it's the balance of energy exchanges that matters most. But in nature, several examples clearly show that for a spontaneous system, the conversion of work into heat is possible, but the opposite is not. A means external to the system is needed to achieve such a conversion (heat →work); the thermal machine. This principle (the principle of evolution) was first set out by Sadi Carnot in 1824.